Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration

Devils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m³/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.     

Simple Model of Dissolved Oxygen Consumption in a Bay within High Organic Loading: An Applied Remediation Tool

San Vicente Bay is a coastal shallow embayment in Central Chile with multiple uses, one of which is receiving wastewater from industrial fisheries, steel mill effluents, and domestic sewage. A simulation model was developed and applied to dissolved oxygen consumption by organic residues released into this embayment. Three compartments were established as function of: depth, circulation and outfall location. The model compartments had different volumes, and their oxygen saturation value was used as baseline. The parameters: (a) BOD₅ of the industrial and urban effluents, (b) oxygen demand by organic sediments, (c) respiration, (d) photosynthesis and (e) re-aeration were included in the model. Iteration results of the model showed severe alterations in Compartment 1, with a decrease of 65% in the oxygen below saturation. Compartment 2 showed a small decline (10%) and compartment 3 did not show apparent changes in oxygen values. Measures recommended for remediation were to decrease the BOD₅ loading by 30% in the affected sector. Iteration of the model for 200 h following recommendations derived from the preceding results produced an increase in saturation of 60% (5 ml O₂ L⁻¹), which suggested an improvement of the environmental conditions.     

城市化对湖泊和港湾环境的影响

全球经济的发展必然经历工业化和城市化。在城市化过程中 ,不可避免地产生工业和生活垃圾。这些垃圾不仅污染土地 ,也污染河流和湖泊 ,特别在湖泊和港湾中 ,由于水流速度变缓 ,污染物容易随着沉积物沉淀下来。又由于气候变化和人类活动 ,湖泊和港湾的沉积物会再次释放污染物而污染水体。这些污染物主要是过量的氮、磷、有毒有机物和重金属 ,由于经济和人文环境的不同 ,在不同地区污染程度有差异 ,目前在发展中国家较为严重。针对这些污染 ,人们用机械的、化学的和生物的方法来治理湖泊和港湾的污染 ,但根本上要从源头控制污染———减少污染物的排放     

Growth responses of Picea mongolica seedlings to defoliation rate

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM I (natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H1 (height in June 23 ) and H2 (height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ (artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H1 was significant, the difference of H2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM I, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain de clree.     

用水基表面活性剂乳液回收废白土中蜡的界面张力研究

通过测定液体与废白土粉末之间的接触角及液体与蜡之间的液液界面张力，对水基表面活性剂乳液的溶剂及配方进行了优选，得到最佳的水基面活性剂乳液的组成为：质量分数０．２％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠＋体积分数为２．５％的乙醇＋体积分数为２５％的混合烃（正己烷＋苯，等体积）＋体积分数为７２．５％的水。实验证明，用该水基表面活性剂乳液处理废白土，蜡的回收率可达８０％，同时不破坏白土的颗粒结构。     

PW—W膜分离式活性污泥法处理中小规模高浓度有机废水

阐述ＰＷ－Ｗ膜分离式活性污泥法处理高浓度有机废水的原理、工艺流程及特点。处理系统集生化处理功能和固液分离于一体，对高浓度有机废水的处理取得了良好的效果，且剩余污泥量少，处理水质稳定，维护管理方便，运行费用低。     

我国渔港发展现状及等级划分

论述了渔港在我国渔业发展中的重要地位及作用,分析了黄渤海海区、东海海区和南海海区三个海区的水域面积、锚地面积、鱼市场面积、年进出港船数、水产品年加工量、水产品年卸港量、本港总船数、外港总船数共9个定量指标和各海区渔业资源状况及管理水平状况等定性指标,探讨了我国渔港发展现状,并对我国渔港等级划分标准提出了一些参考性意见,认为全国渔港的等级以海区为中心进行评估更显科学性、合理性,更符合各海区及各渔港的发展状况,有利于渔港管理部门有针对性地对渔港进行发展战略上的管理。     

协同治理理论视角下连云港湾长制试点存在的问题及对策

近岸海域环境综合治理是典型的公共产品和公共服务,需要多个主体协同治理。连云港湾长制已实施两年多,虽取得了一定成效,但从协同治理理论来看,仍存在治理主体相对单一、公众参与不足问题。因此,今后应以协同治理理论为指导,形成多元的治理主体,树立各个治理主体的权威性,加强各治理主体的协同性,充分发挥各治理主体的积极性,共同推进湾长制的实施。     

三峡库区典型支流库湾消落带沉积泥沙特征及重金属评价

为了分析三峡库区支流消落带沉积泥沙的理化特征以及重金属污染的空间变化特征,选择9条典型一级支流,共采集54个消落带沉积泥沙样品,测定了粒径分布、容重、有机质(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、钾(K)等养分元素含量特征以及运用地累积指数评价铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)等重金属.结果表明消落带沉积泥沙粒径分布在空间上(乌江-磨刀溪)中值粒径呈波动变化;支流消落带下部(160~165 m)沉积泥沙相比上部(165~175 m)偏粗,不同高程带砂粒和黏粒体积分数变化属于中等变异,粉粒属于弱变异.独立样本t检验表明消落带上部和下部之间沉积泥沙特征差异不显著.地累积指数评价表明支流消落带沉积泥沙只有Zn元素在珍溪河、龙洞河和龙河属于无-中的污染程度,Pb元素在磨刀溪属于无-中的污染程度,其他元素在所选支流消落带均为无污染.     

Community opinion concerning airport noise-abatement alternatives

In the present study we examined (1) community opinion of airport noise-abating alternatives and (2) the influence of perceived control on attitudes concerning noise-abatement policies and annoyance toward aircraft noise. We proposed that residents who perceive themselves as having little control over aircraft noise exposure would express higher levels of annoyance than residents who believe they have some degree of control. Furthermore, residents with low levels of perceived control would be less favorable toward proposed noise-abatement alternatives. Survey results collected from 239 households within the 65 CNEL contour of a community airport in Southern California support these hypotheses. Findings indicate strong public support for noise abatement and strong opposition to land-use alternatives. In addition, residents' perceptions of control in the airport planning and management process are significantly related to their annoyance with noise and their opinions about noise management policies.